Modern kind of State/Government were rising in Western Europe during the renaissance: on national level in France, Spain and so on, on regional level in Italy.
Take into account that power was highly fragmented in Middle Ages and Feudal Kings had a very loose power over their kingdoms.
In Renaissance this state of things was ending.

Medieval central and northern Italy was formally under the Empire, but actually divided in many independent cities-state which were mostly ruled by a merchant oligarchy, based upon a pact between the community and persons who hold various offices.
During Renaissance there were a number of regional States, ruled by a Prince (a sort of monarch).

there were exceptions also:
- Venice keep to the end a medieval kind of government
- Southern Italy was a kingdom (or a dependence from foreign kingdoms) since Middle ages

Italy was divided at that time, a collection of city-state, the trading powers were governed by a merchant republic headed by a Doge (it is pronounce “Duj” iirc), Rome was governed by the Papacy headed by the Pope.

Sorry that’s all I remember

Italy was not a unified country at this time. Independent cities controlled a certain variable territory and had their own forms of government. Some examples of the more famous city-states are Florence, Venice, Pisa, and Milan. Rome was exceptional in its composition because it had both its own local government as well as the Vatican both exercising influence from a single city.

They had city-states. Every city had its own ruling family like the Medicis of Florence.

hope this helps